What was time traveller's source of knowledge in ST:TNG "A Matter of Time" episode? [spoiler]

In the beginning "A Matter of Time" episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation, a person appears on board of Enterprise and claims that he is a time traveller comming from XXVI century.

[spoiler] By the end of this episode it turns out, that he was actually from XXII century. [/spoiler]

He poses a wide area of knowledge. About Enterprise, about many crew members and about some events that was about to occur. If he is really from the time, he is, what is the source of his knowledge? How can he posses that much information about actually his future?

For me, he appeared in his future at a given point of galaxy and at a certain point in time. He was passed by some ship, having Federation signature. Period. That is all, in my opinion, what he could know, from the point of view, that was revealed by the end of episode.

He couldn't absolutely posses all the knowledge he had, because it was all the information from his true future, not yet written for his point of view of time. He couldn't know any names (planet or ship, crew etc.) and I'm pretty sure that XXII century's technology wouldn't allow him to scan this information out of Enterprise or planet.

What am I missing?